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1 паровпускной кран
Русско-английский политехнический словарь > паровпускной кран
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2 паровой кран
1) Engineering: steam valve2) Construction: donkey crane, steam crane3) Automobile industry: steam cock4) Textile: steam tap -
3 Cugnot, Nicolas Joseph
SUBJECT AREA: Land transport[br]b. 26 February 1725 Void, Meuse, Franced. 2 October 1804 Paris, France[br]French military engineer.[br]Cugnot studied military engineering in Germany and returned to Paris by 1769, having left the service of Austria, where he taught military engineering. It was while serving in the army of Les Pays Bas that he invented a "fusil" or carbine, which was adopted by the Archduke Charles and put into service in the Uhlan regiments.In 1769 he invented a fardier à feu, also called a cabriolet, a steam-driven, heavy three-wheeled vehicle. This tractor, designed to pull artillery pieces, was driven through its single front wheel by two single-acting cylinders which rotated the wheel through ratchets. The ratchet pawls were carried on levers pivoted on the wheel axis, coupled to the piston rods by connecting rods. Links from pivots half-way along the levers connected upwards to a rocking cross-beam fixed on the end of the steam cock so as to pass steam alternately from the undersized boiler to the two cylinders. The tractor had to be stopped whenever it needed stoking, and its maximum speed was 4 mph (6.4 km/h). The difficulty of controlling it led to its early demolition of a wall, after which it was locked away and eventually preserved in the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers in Paris. This was, in fact, Cugnot's second vehicle: the first model was presented to the due de Choiseul et Guiberuval, who asked for a more robust and powerful machine which was built at the Arsenal at the expense of the state and tested in 1771. Cugnot was granted a pension of 600 livres. After the revolution he tried in vain in 1798 and 1801 to interest Bonaparte in this invention.[br]BibliographyCugnot published a number of military textbooks, including: 1766, Eléments de l'art militaire.1778, Theory of Fortification.Further ReadingD.J.H.Day, 1980, Engines.A.F.Burstall, 1963, A History of Mechanical Engineering. 1933, Dictionnaire de biographie française.IMcN -
4 кран выпуска пара
Automobile industry: steam cock -
5 Dampfeinlasshahn
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6 кран с паровым обогревом
Русско-английский политехнический словарь > кран с паровым обогревом
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7 кран
(напр. водопроводный) cock, spigot, tap, valve* * *кран м.1. ( трубная арматура) cockкран выпуска́ет среду́ (наружу, в отводную линию) — the cock discharges (outside, into the return line)кран «прикипа́ет» — the cock sticksприсоединя́ть кран к трубопрово́ду — mount a cock on a lineкран пропуска́ет среду́ [течё́т] — the cock leaksкран «схва́тывает» — the cock gallsуправля́ть кра́ном (рукояткой, ключом) — operate a cock (by a handle, wrench)2. ( подъёмный) craneв ка́честве грузозахва́тных о́рганов кран испо́льзует крюки́, бадьи́ или гре́йферы — the crane handles loads by hook, in tubs or grab bucketsкран передвига́ется [перемеща́ется] на ходовы́х колё́сах — the crane is carried by wheelsкран передвига́ется [перемеща́ется] по ре́льсовому пути́ — the crane rides a (rail) track, the crane is moved along a trackавари́йный кран — emergency cockавтомоби́льный кран — truck (mounted) crane, crane truckба́шенный кран — tower craneводопро́бный кран ( парового котла) — water-gauge cockводопрово́дный кран — брит. tap, water tap, cock; амер. faucetгре́йферный кран — clamshell [grab-bucket] craneгрузово́й кран ( на судне) — cargo craneгу́сеничный кран — crawler(-mounted) craneдвухходово́й кран — angle cockдекомпрессио́нный кран — pressure-release cockкран для разде́лывания сли́тков — ingot-stripping craneдо́ковый кран — dock craneжелезнодоро́жный кран — locomotive [rail] craneзагру́зочный кран метал. — charging craneзали́вочный кран метал. — hot-metal craneзапо́рный кран — shut-off cockка́бельный кран — cableway, cable craneка́пельный кран — dripcockкату́чий насте́нный кран ( неповоротный) — wall-track jib craneкозлово́й кран — travelling gantry [travelling bridge] craneкран кольцева́ния ( подачи топлива) ав. — cross-feed valveконсо́льно-поворо́тный кран — bracket-swing craneконсо́льный кран — jib craneконсо́льный, велосипе́дный кран — monorail-rail-wheeled column jib craneконсо́льный кран на коло́нне — column jib craneконсо́льный, насте́нный кран — wall-track jib craneконте́йнерный кран — transtainerконтро́льный кран — gauge cockко́нусный кран ( конусный затвор) — lifting-plug cockмагни́тный кран — magnetic craneма́чтовый кран — mast [derrick] craneкран машини́ста — drivers brake valveмостово́й кран — (overhead) travelling craneмостово́й кран перемеща́ется по путя́м, располо́женным в ве́рхней ча́сти це́ха — a travelling crane rides an overhead [elevated] trackмостово́й, двухба́лочный кран — double-I-beam [double-girder] travelling craneмостово́й, одноба́лочный кран — single-I-beam [single-girder] travelling craneму́фтовый кран — coupler-joined cockкран на колё́сном ходу́ — wheeled craneнатяжно́й кран — non-gland cockпа́лубный кран — deck(-mounted) craneпередвижно́й кран — travelling craneплаву́чий кран — floating craneповоро́тный кран — rotary craneповора́чивать (поворо́тный) кран — swing the craneповора́чивать (поворо́тный) кран вручну́ю — hand-slew the crane, slew the crane by handповоро́тный кран на коло́нне с переме́нным вы́летом — ( колонна закреплена на опоре здания) column jib crane; ( свободностоящая колонна) yard jib craneповоро́тный кран на коло́нне с постоя́нным вы́летом стрелы́ — pillar jib craneподвесно́й, одноба́лочный кран — monorail hoistпожа́рный кран — fire cock; ( в системе подачи топлива на самолёте) fuel emergency shut-off cockполноповоро́тный кран — full-swing craneполукозлово́й кран — semi-gantry craneполупорта́льный кран — half-portal craneпонто́нный кран — pontoon craneпорта́льный кран — gantry unloader, gantry craneприварно́й кран — welding-end cockпробноспусково́й кран — pet cockпроду́вочный кран — blow-off cockпроходно́й кран — straight through cockразли́вочный кран ( для разливки металла в слитки) — casting [ladle] craneре́льсовый кран — locomotive [rail] craneса́льниковый кран — gland cockсамоуплотня́ющийся кран — self-sealing cockкран с выдвижно́й про́бкой — lifting-plug cockсливно́й кран — bib [drain] cockкран с механи́ческим при́водом — power-driven craneкран с паровы́м обогре́вом — steam-jacketed cockкран с постоя́нным вы́летом стрелы́ — fixed-radius craneкран с реду́кторным при́водом — gear-operated cock, gear-operated cock-type valveкран с ручны́м при́водом — hand-power craneто́пливный кран — fuel cockтормозно́й кран — brake valveтрёхходово́й кран — three-way cockуглово́й кран — angular cockкран управле́ния (какой-л. системой, напр. выпуском и уборкой шасси на самолёте) — control cockфла́нцевый кран — flanged cockца́пковый кран — threaded-end cockшарово́й кран — ball cockкран э́кстренного торможе́ния — emergency brake valve -
8 кран
1. м. cockкран «прикипает» — the cock sticks
2. м. craneповоротный кран на колонне с переменным вылетом — column jib crane; yard jib crane
пожарный кран — fire cock; fuel emergency shut-off cock
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9 Trevithick, Richard
[br]b. 13 April 1771 Illogan, Cornwall, Englandd. 22 April 1833 Dartford, Kent, England[br]English engineer, pioneer of non-condensing steam-engines; designed and built the first locomotives.[br]Trevithick's father was a tin-mine manager, and Trevithick himself, after limited formal education, developed his immense engineering talent among local mining machinery and steam-engines and found employment as a mining engineer. Tall, strong and high-spirited, he was the eternal optimist.About 1797 it occurred to him that the separate condenser patent of James Watt could be avoided by employing "strong steam", that is steam at pressures substantially greater than atmospheric, to drive steam-engines: after use, steam could be exhausted to the atmosphere and the condenser eliminated. His first winding engine on this principle came into use in 1799, and subsequently such engines were widely used. To produce high-pressure steam, a stronger boiler was needed than the boilers then in use, in which the pressure vessel was mounted upon masonry above the fire: Trevithick designed the cylindrical boiler, with furnace tube within, from which the Cornish and later the Lancashire boilers evolved.Simultaneously he realized that high-pressure steam enabled a compact steam-engine/boiler unit to be built: typically, the Trevithick engine comprised a cylindrical boiler with return firetube, and a cylinder recessed into the boiler. No beam intervened between connecting rod and crank. A master patent was taken out.Such an engine was well suited to driving vehicles. Trevithick built his first steam-carriage in 1801, but after a few days' use it overturned on a rough Cornish road and was damaged beyond repair by fire. Nevertheless, it had been the first self-propelled vehicle successfully to carry passengers. His second steam-carriage was driven about the streets of London in 1803, even more successfully; however, it aroused no commercial interest. Meanwhile the Coalbrookdale Company had started to build a locomotive incorporating a Trevithick engine for its tramroads, though little is known of the outcome; however, Samuel Homfray's ironworks at Penydarren, South Wales, was already building engines to Trevithick's design, and in 1804 Trevithick built one there as a locomotive for the Penydarren Tramroad. In this, and in the London steam-carriage, exhaust steam was turned up the chimney to draw the fire. On 21 February the locomotive hauled five wagons with 10 tons of iron and seventy men for 9 miles (14 km): it was the first successful railway locomotive.Again, there was no commercial interest, although Trevithick now had nearly fifty stationary engines completed or being built to his design under licence. He experimented with one to power a barge on the Severn and used one to power a dredger on the Thames. He became Engineer to a project to drive a tunnel beneath the Thames at Rotherhithe and was only narrowly defeated, by quicksands. Trevithick then set up, in 1808, a circular tramroad track in London and upon it demonstrated to the admission-fee-paying public the locomotive Catch me who can, built to his design by John Hazledine and J.U. Rastrick.In 1809, by which date Trevithick had sold all his interest in the steam-engine patent, he and Robert Dickinson, in partnership, obtained a patent for iron tanks to hold liquid cargo in ships, replacing the wooden casks then used, and started to manufacture them. In 1810, however, he was taken seriously ill with typhus for six months and had to return to Cornwall, and early in 1811 the partners were bankrupt; Trevithick was discharged from bankruptcy only in 1814.In the meantime he continued as a steam engineer and produced a single-acting steam engine in which the cut-off could be varied to work the engine expansively by way of a three-way cock actuated by a cam. Then, in 1813, Trevithick was approached by a representative of a company set up to drain the rich but flooded silver-mines at Cerro de Pasco, Peru, at an altitude of 14,000 ft (4,300 m). Low-pressure steam engines, dependent largely upon atmospheric pressure, would not work at such an altitude, but Trevithick's high-pressure engines would. Nine engines and much other mining plant were built by Hazledine and Rastrick and despatched to Peru in 1814, and Trevithick himself followed two years later. However, the war of independence was taking place in Peru, then a Spanish colony, and no sooner had Trevithick, after immense difficulties, put everything in order at the mines then rebels arrived and broke up the machinery, for they saw the mines as a source of supply for the Spanish forces. It was only after innumerable further adventures, during which he encountered and was assisted financially by Robert Stephenson, that Trevithick eventually arrived home in Cornwall in 1827, penniless.He petitioned Parliament for a grant in recognition of his improvements to steam-engines and boilers, without success. He was as inventive as ever though: he proposed a hydraulic power transmission system; he was consulted over steam engines for land drainage in Holland; and he suggested a 1,000 ft (305 m) high tower of gilded cast iron to commemorate the Reform Act of 1832. While working on steam propulsion of ships in 1833, he caught pneumonia, from which he died.[br]BibliographyTrevithick took out fourteen patents, solely or in partnership, of which the most important are: 1802, Construction of Steam Engines, British patent no. 2,599. 1808, Stowing Ships' Cargoes, British patent no. 3,172.Further ReadingH.W.Dickinson and A.Titley, 1934, Richard Trevithick. The Engineer and the Man, Cambridge; F.Trevithick, 1872, Life of Richard Trevithick, London (these two are the principal biographies).E.A.Forward, 1952, "Links in the history of the locomotive", The Engineer (22 February), 226 (considers the case for the Coalbrookdale locomotive of 1802).See also: Blenkinsop, JohnPJGR -
10 Maxim, Sir Hiram Stevens
[br]b. 5 February 1840 Brockway's Mills, Maine, USAd. 24 November 1916 Streatham, London, England[br]American (naturalized British) inventor; designer of the first fully automatic machine gun and of an experimental steam-powered aircraft.[br]Maxim was born the son of a pioneer farmer who later became a wood turner. Young Maxim was first apprenticed to a carriage maker and then embarked on a succession of jobs before joining his uncle in his engineering firm in Massachusetts in 1864. As a young man he gained a reputation as a boxer, but it was his uncle who first identified and encouraged Hiram's latent talent for invention.It was not, however, until 1878, when Maxim joined the first electric-light company to be established in the USA, as its Chief Engineer, that he began to make a name for himself. He developed an improved light filament and his electric pressure regulator not only won a prize at the first International Electrical Exhibition, held in Paris in 1881, but also resulted in his being made a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur. While in Europe he was advised that weapons development was a more lucrative field than electricity; consequently, he moved to England and established a small laboratory at Hatton Garden, London. He began by investigating improvements to the Gatling gun in order to produce a weapon with a faster rate of fire and which was more accurate. In 1883, by adapting a Winchester carbine, he successfully produced a semi-automatic weapon, which used the recoil to cock the gun automatically after firing. The following year he took this concept a stage further and produced a fully automatic belt-fed weapon. The recoil drove barrel and breechblock to the vent. The barrel then halted, while the breechblock, now unlocked from the former, continued rearwards, extracting the spent case and recocking the firing mechanism. The return spring, which it had been compressing, then drove the breechblock forward again, chambering the next round, which had been fed from the belt, as it did so. Keeping the trigger pressed enabled the gun to continue firing until the belt was expended. The Maxim gun, as it became known, was adopted by almost every army within the decade, and was to remain in service for nearly fifty years. Maxim himself joined forces with the large British armaments firm of Vickers, and the Vickers machine gun, which served the British Army during two world wars, was merely a refined version of the Maxim gun.Maxim's interests continued to occupy several fields of technology, including flight. In 1891 he took out a patent for a steam-powered aeroplane fitted with a pendulous gyroscopic stabilizer which would maintain the pitch of the aeroplane at any desired inclination (basically, a simple autopilot). Maxim decided to test the relationship between power, thrust and lift before moving on to stability and control. He designed a lightweight steam-engine which developed 180 hp (135 kW) and drove a propeller measuring 17 ft 10 in. (5.44 m) in diameter. He fitted two of these engines into his huge flying machine testrig, which needed a wing span of 104 ft (31.7 m) to generate enough lift to overcome a total weight of 4 tons. The machine was not designed for free flight, but ran on one set of rails with a second set to prevent it rising more than about 2 ft (61 cm). At Baldwyn's Park in Kent on 31 July 1894 the huge machine, carrying Maxim and his crew, reached a speed of 42 mph (67.6 km/h) and lifted off its rails. Unfortunately, one of the restraining axles broke and the machine was extensively damaged. Although it was subsequently repaired and further trials carried out, these experiments were very expensive. Maxim eventually abandoned the flying machine and did not develop his idea for a stabilizer, turning instead to other projects. At the age of almost 70 he returned to the problems of flight and designed a biplane with a petrol engine: it was built in 1910 but never left the ground.In all, Maxim registered 122 US and 149 British patents on objects ranging from mousetraps to automatic spindles. Included among them was a 1901 patent for a foot-operated suction cleaner. In 1900 he became a British subject and he was knighted the following year. He remained a larger-than-life figure, both physically and in character, until the end of his life.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChevalier de la Légion d'Honneur 1881. Knighted 1901.Bibliography1908, Natural and Artificial Flight, London. 1915, My Life, London: Methuen (autobiography).Further ReadingObituary, 1916, Engineer (1 December).Obituary, 1916, Engineering (1 December).P.F.Mottelay, 1920, The Life and Work of Sir Hiram Maxim, London and New York: John Lane.Dictionary of National Biography, 1912–1921, 1927, Oxford: Oxford University Press.See also: Pilcher, Percy SinclairCM / JDSBiographical history of technology > Maxim, Sir Hiram Stevens
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11 echar
v.1 to throw.echar algo a la basura to throw something in the binElla echa la basura She throws the garbage.2 to put.echa esos pantalones a la lavadora put those trousers in the washing machine3 to pour (añadir) (vino, agua).échame más zumo, por favor (sal, azúcar) could you pour me some more juice, please?4 to give (decir) (discurso).5 to post(postcard, letter).echar algo al correo to put something in the post, to post something, to mail something (United States)6 to give off, to emit (humo, vapor, chispas).El silenciador echa gases tóxicos The muffler emits toxic gases.7 to sprout, to shoot (hojas, flores).Mi mata de café echó hojitas My coffee plant sprouted leaves.8 to lie (down).9 to tell (buenaventura).10 to fire, to turn out, to dismiss.La empresa echó a los empleados The company fired the employees.11 to put in, to add in, to pour, to pour in.Ella le echó agua al balde She put water in the pail.12 to cast out, to throw out, to ditch, to drop.María echó al borracho Mary cast out the wino.13 to blame, to attribute.Le echó la culpa a Ricardo He attributed the blame to Ricardo.14 to blurt out.Nos echó una andanada de insultos He blurted out insults on us.* * *1 (lanzar) to throw2 (dejar caer) to put, drop4 (carta) to post, US mail5 (expulsar) to throw out6 (despedir de empleo) to sack, dismiss, fire8 (decir) to tell9 (emanar) to give out, give off10 (suponer, calcular) to guess11 (poner, aplicar) to put on, apply■ echa la llave lock the door, lock it■ echa el cerrojo bolt the door, fasten the bolt13 (multas, tributos) to give, impose14 (en naipes) to deal15 familiar (en el cine, teatro) to show, put on3 echar por (seguir, ir) to take, follow1 (arrojarse) to throw oneself2 (tenderse) to lie down3 (ponerse) to put on4 (novio, novia) to get oneself\echar a cara o cruz to toss forechar a un lado to push asideechar a perder to spoilechar a suertes to draw lotsechar abajo→ link=echarechar por tierraechar algo a suertes figurado to draw lots for somethingechar barriga / echar carnes to put on weightechar cuentas to calculateechar de menos / echar en falta to missechar el freno to put the brake onechar en cara to blameechar la buenaventura to tell somebody's fortuneechar la casa por la ventana figurado to spare no expense, splash outechar las bases de to lay the foundations forechar leña al fuego figurado to add fuel to the fireechar maldiciones to curseechar mano a algo to reach for somethingechar mano de to make use ofechar pelillos a la mar figurado to bury the hatchetechar un cigarrillo to smoke a cigaretteechar una mano to give a handechar una mirada / echar una ojeada to have a look, have a quick lookechar una parrafada to have a chatechar una partida to play a gameechar una regañina a alguien / echar un sermón a alguien to tell somebody offechar una siesta to have a siestaecharse a un lado to move to one sideechárselas de familiar to claim to be* * *verb1) to throw, throw out2) fire, dismiss3) put forth4) add5) launch6) put•- echar de menos
- echarse* * *Para las expresiones echar abajo, echar en cara, echar la culpa, echar en falta, echar de menos, echar a perder, echar raíces, echar a suertes, ver la otra entrada.1. VERBO TRANSITIVO1) (=tirar) [+ pelota, piedra, dados] to throw; [+ basura] to throw away; [+ ancla, red] to cast; [+ moneda al aire] to toss; [+ mirada] to cast, give; [+ naipe] to deal¿qué te han echado los Reyes? — ≈ what did you get for Christmas?
- echarlas2) (=poner) to put¿te echo mantequilla en el pan? — shall I put some butter on your bread?
leña 1)•
tengo que echar [gasolina] — I need to fill up (with petrol)3) (=verter) to pour4) (=servir) [+ bebida] to pour; [+ comida] to giveéchame agua — could you give {o} pour me some water?
¿te echo más whisky? — shall I pour you some more whisky?
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tengo que echar de [comer] a los animales — I have to feed the animalslo que le echen —
5) (=dejar salir)chispa 1., 1), espuma 1), hostia 6), leche 9), peste 3), sangre 1)¡qué peste echan tus zapatos! — * your shoes stink to high heaven! *
6) (=expulsar) [de casa, bar, tienda, club] to throw out; [del trabajo] to fire *, sack *; [de colegio] to expella echaron del trabajo — she's been fired {o} sacked *
echar algo de sí — to get rid of sth, throw sth off
7) (=producir) [+ dientes] to cut; [+ hojas] to sproutestá empezando a echar barriga — he's starting to get a bit of a belly {o} paunch
¡vaya mal genio que has echado últimamente! — you've become {o} got really bad-tempered recently!
8) (=cerrar)echar la llave/el cerrojo — to lock/bolt the door
9) (=mover)a) [+ parte del cuerpo]echar la cabeza a un lado — to tilt {o} cock one's head to one side
b) (=empujando) to push10) (=enviar) [+ carta] to post, mail (EEUU)¿dónde puedo echar esta postal? — where can I post this postcard?
11) (=calcular) to reckon¿cuántos kilos le echas? — how much do you think {o} reckon she weighs?
¿cuántos años le echas? — how old do you think {o} reckon he is?
12) (=dar) [+ discurso] to give, makeechar una reprimenda a algn — to tick sb off, give sb a ticking-off
13) [con sustantivos que implican acciones] [+ trago, partida] to have¿echamos un café? — shall we have a coffee?
salió al balcón a echar un cigarrillo — he went out onto the balcony for a smoke {o} cigarette
polvo 5), vistazoechar una multa a algn — to fine sb, give sb a fine
14) [+ tiempo]de jóvenes nos echábamos nuestros buenos ratos de charla — we used to spend a lot of time talking when we were younger
15) * [en cine, televisión] to showecharon un programa sobre Einstein — there was a programme about Einstein on, they showed a programme about Einstein
¿qué echan en el cine? — what's on at the cinema?
16) [+ cimientos] to lay17) (Zool) [para procrear]2.VERBO INTRANSITIVO (=tirar)•
¡echa [para] adelante! — lead on!ahora tienes que echar para adelante y olvidarte del pasado — you need to get on with your life and forget about the past
es un olor que echa para atrás — * it's a smell that really knocks you back *
echar a ({+ infin})•
echar [por] una calle — to go down a streetechar a correr — to break into a run, start running
echar a reír — to burst out laughing, start laughing
3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) (lanzar, tirar) to throwlo eché a la basura — I threw it out o away
echaron el ancla/la red — they cast anchor/their net
echar de menos algo/a alguien — to miss something/somebody
b) ( soltar)c) (Jueg) < carta> to play, put down2) ( expulsar) < persona> ( de trabajo) to fire (colloq), to sack (BrE colloq); (de bar, teatro) to throw... out; ( de colegio) to expel3) < carta> to mail (AmE), to post (BrE)4)a) (pasar, correr) < cortinas> to pull, draw¿echaste el cerrojo? — did you bolt the door?
b) ( mover)lo echó para atrás — she pushed (o moved etc) it backward(s)
5) (expeler, despedir) <olor, humo, chispas> to give off6) ( producir)a) < hojas> to sproutb) < dientes> to cutestás echando barriga — (fam) you're getting a bit of a tummy (colloq)
7)¿le echas azúcar al café? — do you take sugar in your coffee?
échale valor y díselo — (fam) just pluck up your courage and tell him
b) (servir, dar) to give¿te echo más salsa? — do you want some more sauce?
8)a) (decir, dirigir) <sermón/discurso> (+ me/te/le etc)me echó un sermón — (fam) he gave me a real talking-to (colloq)
b) (fam) ( imponer) <condena/multa> (+ me/te/le etc) to givele echaron una multa — he got a fine, they gave him a fine
me echaron dos años — I got two years (colloq)
9) (fam) ( calcular) (+ me/te/le etc)¿cuántos años me echas? — how old do you think I am?
de aquí a tu casa échale una hora — it's o it takes about an hour from here to your house
10) (Esp fam) (dar, exhibir) <programa/película> to show¿qué echan en la tele? — what's on TV?
11) <cigarillo/trago> to haveecharle la culpa a alguien — to put o lay the blame on somebody
12)2.echar abajo — < edificio> to pull down; < gobierno> to bring down; < proyecto> to destroy; < esperanzas> to dash; < moral> to undermine
echar vi1) ( empezar)echar a + inf — to start o begin to + inf, start o begin -ing
echó a correr — he started to run o started running
2) ( dirigirse)3)3.echar para adelante or (fam) p'alante: echa para adelante un poco go forward a little; echa p'alante, que ya llegamos — keep going, we're nearly there
1) echarse v pron2)a) (tirarse, arrojarse) to throw oneselfecharse a perder — comida to go bad, go off (BrE); cosecha/proyecto/plan to be ruined
b) (tumbarse, acostarse) to lie downc) (apartarse, moverse) (+ compl)echárselas — (Chi fam)
se las echó — he upped and left (colloq)
echárselas de algo — (fam)
d) aves to brood3)a) ( ponerse) to put onb) (Esp fam) <novio/novia>se ha echado novia — he's found o got himself a girlfriend
c) (Méx fam) ( beberse) to drink4) ( expulsar)echarse un pedo — to fart (colloq)
5) (Méx fam) ( romper) to breakecharse a alguien — (Méx fam) to bump somebody off (colloq)
6) (Col fam) ( tardar) <horas/días> to take7) ( empezar) echar 1)* * *= throw, pour (in/into), toss, sack, give + Nombre + the boot, boot (out), give + Nombre + the sack, send + Nombre + packing, turf out, give off, billow out, spout.Ex. The point to be made for the novice abstractor is that editors are not ghouls who must be thrown raw meat before a check is issued.Ex. The water of the stuff poured into the middle of the cylinder through its wire-mesh cover, and was immediately pumped out from one end leaving a film of fibres on the surface.Ex. Everything being online, the exquisite oaken cabinets housing the card files were tossed.Ex. The author warns that shortsighted companies that believe all the information they need is on the Web may sack information professionals.Ex. He was given the boot for being discovered with a camera taking a photo of hula dancers.Ex. As Hartwick got older, the feds decided he was a major security risk and booted him out of the program.Ex. Justin pointed out that the government would not compromise and those found protecting illegal immigrants would be given the sack.Ex. Those who hold this view argued that the state government lacks the political will to send them packing for good.Ex. You will be disliked and turfed out as a sacrificial goat once your job is done but there will be many others queuing up for your services.Ex. Once the fronds have given off their spores, they die and can be cut back.Ex. Nearly everyone has seen a factory's smokestack billowing out black sooty smoke that dirties the air and blackens buildings.Ex. The weather cleared enough that we could get in to the volcanic islands (still spouting plumes of smoke) by copter in safety.----* culpa + echar a + Nombre = blame + lay + at the feet of + Nombre.* echando hostias = like the clappers.* echando mecha = like the clappers.* echar a Alguien de un Lugar = send + Nombre + on + Posesivo + way.* echar a andar = implement, leg it.* echar abajo = knock down.* echar a correr = bolt, make + a bolt for, take off + running, take to + Posesivo + heels, run off.* echar a la calle = evict, throw + Nombre + out.* echar Algo por tierra = blow + Nombre + out of the water.* echar amarras = moor.* echar anclas = drop + anchor.* echar a perder = ruin, bungle, bring out + the worst in, cast + a blight on, blight, go off.* echar a pique = scuttle.* echar a suerte = draw + lots.* echar a un lado = push aside.* echar a volar = take + flight.* echar brotes = bud, sprout.* echar chispas = fume, froth at + the mouth.* echar chispas por los ojos = glower, scowl (at).* echar coraje = pluck up + courage, gather up + courage.* echar de menos = miss.* echar dentro de = throw into.* echar el ancla = drop + anchor.* echar el candado = padlock.* echar en cara = fault.* echar espuma por la boca = froth at + the mouth.* echar espumarajos por la boca = froth at + the mouth.* echar fuera = throw + Nombre + out.* echar gasolina = pump + gas.* echar hojas = leaf out.* echar humo = blow + smoke, fume, steam, smoulder [smolder, -USA], froth at + the mouth.* echar humo por las orejas = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather.* echar la bola a rodar = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling.* echar la culpa = place + blame, fault.* echarle el ojo a = eye.* echarle la culpa a = put + the blame on.* echar leña al fuego = pour + oil on the flames.* echarle una mano a = bat for, go to + bat for.* echar los dientes = cut + Posesivo + teeth.* echar los postigos = shutter.* echarlo todo a perder = upset + the applecart.* echarlo todo a rodar = upset + the applecart.* echarlo todo por tierra = upset + the applecart.* echar mano a/de = leverage.* echar mano a los ahorros = dip into + savings.* echar mano de = fall back on, call into + play.* echar marcha atrás = do + an about-face, back out, back up.* echar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.* echar muchísimo de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.* echar muchísimo en falta = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.* echar mucho de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.* echar mucho en falta = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.* echar poco a poco = dribble.* echar por alto = bungle.* echar por encima = top with.* echar por la borda = go by + the board, jettison.* echar por tierra = scupper, blight, cast + a blight on.* echar por tierra las ilusiones = shatter + Posesivo + hopes.* echar por tierra los planes de Alguien = spike + Posesivo + guns.* echar por tierra una idea = crush + idea.* echar + Posesivo + planes a perder = upset + Posesivo + plans, ruin + Posesivo + plans.* echar raíces = settle down, root.* echar sal = salt.* echar sal en la herida = add + salt to injury, add + salt to the wound, add + insult to injury, rub + salt in the wound.* echarse = stretch out, lie down.* echarse a la calle = take to + the road, take to + the streets.* echarse a la calles = spill (out) into + the streets.* echarse a temblar con sólo pensar en = shudder at + the thought of.* echarse atrás = draw back, draw back, chicken out (on/of), back out, get + cold feet, backpedal [back-pedal].* echarse encima de = bear down on.* echarse flores = blow + Posesivo + own trumpet.* écharsele a Uno el día encima = make + hay while the sun shines.* echarse una cabezada = get + forty winks, get + some shut-eye, snatch + some shut-eye, grab + some shut-eye, snatch + forty winks, grab + forty winks, take + forty winks.* echarse una cabezadita = get + forty winks, get + some shut-eye, snatch + some shut-eye, grab + some shut-eye, snatch + forty winks, grab + forty winks, take + forty winks.* echarse una cana al aire = have + a fling.* echarse una canita al aire = have + a fling.* echarse una siesta = take + a nap, nap, napping, kip.* echarse un duelo = duel.* echarse un pulso = arm wrestling.* echarse un sueñecito = get + forty winks, get + some shut-eye, snatch + some shut-eye, grab + some shut-eye, snatch + forty winks, grab + forty winks, take + forty winks.* echarse un trago = tipple.* echar suertes = draw + lots.* echar toda la carne en el asador = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket, shoot (for) + the moon, go for + broke.* echar una bronca = tell + Nombe + off, give + Nombre + a dressing-down, give + Nombre + a telling-off, chew + Nombre + up.* echar una buena bronca = give + Nombre + a good roasting.* echar una cana al aire = kick up + Posesivo + heels.* echar una cana al aire antes de sentar la cabeza = sow + Posesivo + wild oats.* echar una cana al aire cuando joven = sow + Posesivo + wild oats.* echar una canica al aire = disport + Reflexivo.* echar una mano = lend + a (helping) hand, put + Posesivo + shoulder to the wheel, set + Posesivo + shoulder to the wheel, muck in, pitch in.* echar una mano a Alguien = give + Nombre + a hand.* echar una meada = take + a leak, have + a leak.* echar una mirada = take + a look at, take + a peek, peek, have + a look, cast + a glance over, look through, glance at, take + a gander.* echar una mirada furtiva a = steal + a glance at.* echar una mirada mortal = look + daggers at.* echar una ojeada = look through, glance at, peek, take + a peek, take + a look at, take + a gander.* echar una ojeada a = cast + a glance over.* echar un cana al aire = one-night stand.* echar un casquete = fuck, screw, get + laid.* echar un chorro de = squirt.* echar un conjuro = cast + a (magic) spell.* echar un ojo = keep + an eye on, have + a look.* echar un polvo = fuck, screw, get + laid.* echar un rapapolvo = tell + Nombe + off, give + Nombre + a dressing-down, give + Nombre + a telling-off, chew + Nombre + up.* echar un tupido velo sobre = draw + a veil over.* echar un vistazo = take + a look at, glance at, check out, peek, have + a look, take + a peek, cast + a glance over, look through, browse, peruse, take + a gander.* echar valor = pluck up + courage, muster (up) + (the) courage, gather up + courage.* echar vino = pour + wine.* la suerte estaba echada = the die was cast, the die had been cast.* la suerte está echada = the die is cast.* para echar sal en la herida = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.* planta que echa flores = bloomer.* salir a echarse un cigarro = go out for + a smoke.* salir echando leches = bolt, take off, make + a bolt for, dash off, shoot off.* ser demasiado tarde para echar atrás = reach + the point of no return.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) (lanzar, tirar) to throwlo eché a la basura — I threw it out o away
echaron el ancla/la red — they cast anchor/their net
echar de menos algo/a alguien — to miss something/somebody
b) ( soltar)c) (Jueg) < carta> to play, put down2) ( expulsar) < persona> ( de trabajo) to fire (colloq), to sack (BrE colloq); (de bar, teatro) to throw... out; ( de colegio) to expel3) < carta> to mail (AmE), to post (BrE)4)a) (pasar, correr) < cortinas> to pull, draw¿echaste el cerrojo? — did you bolt the door?
b) ( mover)lo echó para atrás — she pushed (o moved etc) it backward(s)
5) (expeler, despedir) <olor, humo, chispas> to give off6) ( producir)a) < hojas> to sproutb) < dientes> to cutestás echando barriga — (fam) you're getting a bit of a tummy (colloq)
7)¿le echas azúcar al café? — do you take sugar in your coffee?
échale valor y díselo — (fam) just pluck up your courage and tell him
b) (servir, dar) to give¿te echo más salsa? — do you want some more sauce?
8)a) (decir, dirigir) <sermón/discurso> (+ me/te/le etc)me echó un sermón — (fam) he gave me a real talking-to (colloq)
b) (fam) ( imponer) <condena/multa> (+ me/te/le etc) to givele echaron una multa — he got a fine, they gave him a fine
me echaron dos años — I got two years (colloq)
9) (fam) ( calcular) (+ me/te/le etc)¿cuántos años me echas? — how old do you think I am?
de aquí a tu casa échale una hora — it's o it takes about an hour from here to your house
10) (Esp fam) (dar, exhibir) <programa/película> to show¿qué echan en la tele? — what's on TV?
11) <cigarillo/trago> to haveecharle la culpa a alguien — to put o lay the blame on somebody
12)2.echar abajo — < edificio> to pull down; < gobierno> to bring down; < proyecto> to destroy; < esperanzas> to dash; < moral> to undermine
echar vi1) ( empezar)echar a + inf — to start o begin to + inf, start o begin -ing
echó a correr — he started to run o started running
2) ( dirigirse)3)3.echar para adelante or (fam) p'alante: echa para adelante un poco go forward a little; echa p'alante, que ya llegamos — keep going, we're nearly there
1) echarse v pron2)a) (tirarse, arrojarse) to throw oneselfecharse a perder — comida to go bad, go off (BrE); cosecha/proyecto/plan to be ruined
b) (tumbarse, acostarse) to lie downc) (apartarse, moverse) (+ compl)echárselas — (Chi fam)
se las echó — he upped and left (colloq)
echárselas de algo — (fam)
d) aves to brood3)a) ( ponerse) to put onb) (Esp fam) <novio/novia>se ha echado novia — he's found o got himself a girlfriend
c) (Méx fam) ( beberse) to drink4) ( expulsar)echarse un pedo — to fart (colloq)
5) (Méx fam) ( romper) to breakecharse a alguien — (Méx fam) to bump somebody off (colloq)
6) (Col fam) ( tardar) <horas/días> to take7) ( empezar) echar 1)* * *= throw, pour (in/into), toss, sack, give + Nombre + the boot, boot (out), give + Nombre + the sack, send + Nombre + packing, turf out, give off, billow out, spout.Ex: The point to be made for the novice abstractor is that editors are not ghouls who must be thrown raw meat before a check is issued.
Ex: The water of the stuff poured into the middle of the cylinder through its wire-mesh cover, and was immediately pumped out from one end leaving a film of fibres on the surface.Ex: Everything being online, the exquisite oaken cabinets housing the card files were tossed.Ex: The author warns that shortsighted companies that believe all the information they need is on the Web may sack information professionals.Ex: He was given the boot for being discovered with a camera taking a photo of hula dancers.Ex: As Hartwick got older, the feds decided he was a major security risk and booted him out of the program.Ex: Justin pointed out that the government would not compromise and those found protecting illegal immigrants would be given the sack.Ex: Those who hold this view argued that the state government lacks the political will to send them packing for good.Ex: You will be disliked and turfed out as a sacrificial goat once your job is done but there will be many others queuing up for your services.Ex: Once the fronds have given off their spores, they die and can be cut back.Ex: Nearly everyone has seen a factory's smokestack billowing out black sooty smoke that dirties the air and blackens buildings.Ex: The weather cleared enough that we could get in to the volcanic islands (still spouting plumes of smoke) by copter in safety.* culpa + echar a + Nombre = blame + lay + at the feet of + Nombre.* echando hostias = like the clappers.* echando mecha = like the clappers.* echar a Alguien de un Lugar = send + Nombre + on + Posesivo + way.* echar a andar = implement, leg it.* echar abajo = knock down.* echar a correr = bolt, make + a bolt for, take off + running, take to + Posesivo + heels, run off.* echar a la calle = evict, throw + Nombre + out.* echar Algo por tierra = blow + Nombre + out of the water.* echar amarras = moor.* echar anclas = drop + anchor.* echar a perder = ruin, bungle, bring out + the worst in, cast + a blight on, blight, go off.* echar a pique = scuttle.* echar a suerte = draw + lots.* echar a un lado = push aside.* echar a volar = take + flight.* echar brotes = bud, sprout.* echar chispas = fume, froth at + the mouth.* echar chispas por los ojos = glower, scowl (at).* echar coraje = pluck up + courage, gather up + courage.* echar de menos = miss.* echar dentro de = throw into.* echar el ancla = drop + anchor.* echar el candado = padlock.* echar en cara = fault.* echar espuma por la boca = froth at + the mouth.* echar espumarajos por la boca = froth at + the mouth.* echar fuera = throw + Nombre + out.* echar gasolina = pump + gas.* echar hojas = leaf out.* echar humo = blow + smoke, fume, steam, smoulder [smolder, -USA], froth at + the mouth.* echar humo por las orejas = go + berserk, go + postal, work up + a lather.* echar la bola a rodar = get + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling, start + the ball rolling.* echar la culpa = place + blame, fault.* echarle el ojo a = eye.* echarle la culpa a = put + the blame on.* echar leña al fuego = pour + oil on the flames.* echarle una mano a = bat for, go to + bat for.* echar los dientes = cut + Posesivo + teeth.* echar los postigos = shutter.* echarlo todo a perder = upset + the applecart.* echarlo todo a rodar = upset + the applecart.* echarlo todo por tierra = upset + the applecart.* echar mano a/de = leverage.* echar mano a los ahorros = dip into + savings.* echar mano de = fall back on, call into + play.* echar marcha atrás = do + an about-face, back out, back up.* echar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.* echar muchísimo de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.* echar muchísimo en falta = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.* echar mucho de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.* echar mucho en falta = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.* echar poco a poco = dribble.* echar por alto = bungle.* echar por encima = top with.* echar por la borda = go by + the board, jettison.* echar por tierra = scupper, blight, cast + a blight on.* echar por tierra las ilusiones = shatter + Posesivo + hopes.* echar por tierra los planes de Alguien = spike + Posesivo + guns.* echar por tierra una idea = crush + idea.* echar + Posesivo + planes a perder = upset + Posesivo + plans, ruin + Posesivo + plans.* echar raíces = settle down, root.* echar sal = salt.* echar sal en la herida = add + salt to injury, add + salt to the wound, add + insult to injury, rub + salt in the wound.* echarse = stretch out, lie down.* echarse a la calle = take to + the road, take to + the streets.* echarse a la calles = spill (out) into + the streets.* echarse a temblar con sólo pensar en = shudder at + the thought of.* echarse atrás = draw back, draw back, chicken out (on/of), back out, get + cold feet, backpedal [back-pedal].* echarse encima de = bear down on.* echarse flores = blow + Posesivo + own trumpet.* écharsele a Uno el día encima = make + hay while the sun shines.* echarse una cabezada = get + forty winks, get + some shut-eye, snatch + some shut-eye, grab + some shut-eye, snatch + forty winks, grab + forty winks, take + forty winks.* echarse una cabezadita = get + forty winks, get + some shut-eye, snatch + some shut-eye, grab + some shut-eye, snatch + forty winks, grab + forty winks, take + forty winks.* echarse una cana al aire = have + a fling.* echarse una canita al aire = have + a fling.* echarse una siesta = take + a nap, nap, napping, kip.* echarse un duelo = duel.* echarse un pulso = arm wrestling.* echarse un sueñecito = get + forty winks, get + some shut-eye, snatch + some shut-eye, grab + some shut-eye, snatch + forty winks, grab + forty winks, take + forty winks.* echarse un trago = tipple.* echar suertes = draw + lots.* echar toda la carne en el asador = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket, shoot (for) + the moon, go for + broke.* echar una bronca = tell + Nombe + off, give + Nombre + a dressing-down, give + Nombre + a telling-off, chew + Nombre + up.* echar una buena bronca = give + Nombre + a good roasting.* echar una cana al aire = kick up + Posesivo + heels.* echar una cana al aire antes de sentar la cabeza = sow + Posesivo + wild oats.* echar una cana al aire cuando joven = sow + Posesivo + wild oats.* echar una canica al aire = disport + Reflexivo.* echar una mano = lend + a (helping) hand, put + Posesivo + shoulder to the wheel, set + Posesivo + shoulder to the wheel, muck in, pitch in.* echar una mano a Alguien = give + Nombre + a hand.* echar una meada = take + a leak, have + a leak.* echar una mirada = take + a look at, take + a peek, peek, have + a look, cast + a glance over, look through, glance at, take + a gander.* echar una mirada furtiva a = steal + a glance at.* echar una mirada mortal = look + daggers at.* echar una ojeada = look through, glance at, peek, take + a peek, take + a look at, take + a gander.* echar una ojeada a = cast + a glance over.* echar un cana al aire = one-night stand.* echar un casquete = fuck, screw, get + laid.* echar un chorro de = squirt.* echar un conjuro = cast + a (magic) spell.* echar un ojo = keep + an eye on, have + a look.* echar un polvo = fuck, screw, get + laid.* echar un rapapolvo = tell + Nombe + off, give + Nombre + a dressing-down, give + Nombre + a telling-off, chew + Nombre + up.* echar un tupido velo sobre = draw + a veil over.* echar un vistazo = take + a look at, glance at, check out, peek, have + a look, take + a peek, cast + a glance over, look through, browse, peruse, take + a gander.* echar valor = pluck up + courage, muster (up) + (the) courage, gather up + courage.* echar vino = pour + wine.* la suerte estaba echada = the die was cast, the die had been cast.* la suerte está echada = the die is cast.* para echar sal en la herida = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.* planta que echa flores = bloomer.* salir a echarse un cigarro = go out for + a smoke.* salir echando leches = bolt, take off, make + a bolt for, dash off, shoot off.* ser demasiado tarde para echar atrás = reach + the point of no return.* * *echar [A1 ]■ echar (verbo transitivo)A1 lanzar, tirar2 soltar3 Juegos: cartasB expulsar: personaC echar: cartaD1 pasar, correr2 moverE despedir: humoF1 echar: hojas2 echar: dientesA1 poner2 servir, darB1 dirigir: sermón, discurso2 imponerC calcularD dar: programa, películaE pasar: tiempoSentido III con sustantivosA echar abajoB echar de ver■ echar (verbo intransitivo)A empezarB dirigirseC echar para adelante■ echarse (verbo pronominal)A1 tirarse, arrojarse2 tumbarse, acostarse3 apartarse, moverseB1 ponerse2 echarse novio/novia3 tragarseC expulsarD romperE tardarSentido II echarse a + infinitivovtA1 (lanzar, tirar) to throwechó la botella por la ventanilla she threw the bottle out of the windowlo eché a la basura I threw it out o awayechó la moneda al aire he tossed the coinechó una piedra al agua she threw a stone into the wateréchame la pelota throw me the ball, throw the ball to meecharon el ancla they cast their anchor o dropped anchorechó la red he cast his netechó la cabeza hacia atrás she threw her head backechó la mano a la pistola he grabbed o made a grab for his gunle echó los brazos al cuello she threw her arms around his neckechar a algn a perder to spoil sbechar algo a perder ‹sorpresa/preparativos› to spoil sth, ruin sthha luchado tanto y ahora lo echa todo a perder he's fought so hard and now he's throwing it all awayla helada echó a perder la cosecha the frost ruined the harvestechar de menos algo/a algn to miss sth/sb¿cuándo lo echaste de menos? when did you miss it o realize it was missing?te echo mucho de menos I really miss you, I miss you terribly2(soltar): les echaron los perros they set the dogs on themechó el semental a la yegua he put the mare to the stud3 ( Juegos) ‹carta› to play, put downecharle las cartas a algn to read sb's cardsB (expulsar) ‹persona› (de un trabajo) to fire ( colloq), to sack ( BrE colloq); (de un bar, teatro) to throw … out; (de un colegio) to expelme echaron (del trabajo) I was fired, I got the sack ( BrE)me echó de casa he threw o turned me out (of the house)entre dos camareros lo echaron a la calle two of the waiters threw him outD1 (pasar, correr) ‹cortinas› to pull, drawéchale la llave lock itla persiana estaba echada the blinds were down¿echaste el cerrojo? did you bolt the door?2(mover): échalo a un lado push it to one sidelo echó para atrás she pushed ( o moved etc) it backward(s)E(expeler, despedir): echaba espuma por la boca he was foaming at the mouthel motor echa mucho humo there's a lot of smoke coming from the engineel volcán echaba humo y lava the volcano was belching out smoke and lava1 ‹hojas› to sproutla planta ya está echando flores the plant is already flowering2 ‹dientes› to cutA1 (poner) to putle echaste mucha sal a la sopa you put too much salt in the soup¿cuánto azúcar le echas al café? how many sugars do you take in your coffee?echa esa camisa a la ropa sucia put that shirt in with the dirty laundry, put that shirt out for the washecha más leña al fuego put some more wood on the fire¿qué te echaron los Reyes? ( Esp); ≈ what did Santa bring you?échale valor y díselo ( fam); just pluck up your courage and tell him2 (servir, dar) to giveéchame un poquito de vino can you pour o give me a little wine?¿te echo más salsa? do you want some more sauce?tenía que echar de comer a los cerdos he had to feed the pigstengo que echarles de comer a los niños ( fam hum); I have to feed the children, I have to get the children's dinner ( o lunch etc)lo que me/le echen ( Esp fam): yo, de trabajo, lo que me echen I'll do whatever needs doing ( colloq)éste come lo que le echen he'll eat whatever's put in front of him ( colloq)B1 (dirigir) ‹sermón/discurso› (+ me/te/le etc):le echó una maldición she put a curse on himle echaron una multa he was fined, they gave him a fine, he got a fineme echaron dos años I got two years ( colloq)¿cuántos años me echas? how old do you think I am?le echo 20 años I'd say he was 20, I'd put him at 20 ( colloq)¿cuánto te costó? — ¿cuánto le echas? how much did it cost you? — how much do you think? o have a guessde aquí a tu casa échale una media hora it's o it takes about half an hour from here to your house¿qué echan en el Imperial? what are they showing at the Imperial?, what's on at the Imperial?¿qué echan en la tele esta noche? what's on TV tonight?echamos un rato agradable con ellos we spent o had a pleasant few hours with themechar un cigarrillo ( fam); to have a cigaretteechar una firma ( fam); to signechar el freno to put the brake onme echó una mirada furibunda she gave o threw me a furious lookecharon unas manos de póquer they played o had a few hands of pokerAechar abajo ‹edificio› to pull down;‹gobierno› to bring down; ‹proyecto› to destroy; ‹esperanzas› to dashnos echó abajo la moral it undermined our moraleecharon la puerta abajo they broke the door downBechar de ver to notice, realizese echa de ver que está muy triste it's obvious that o you can see that she's not very happy■ echarviA (empezar) echar A + INF to start o begin to + INF, start o begin -INGal ver que lo seguían echó a correr when he saw they were following him he started to run o started running o broke into a runechó a andar sin esperarnos he set off without waiting for usel motor echó a andar a la primera the engine started (the) first timelas palomas echaron a volar the doves flew offB(dirigirse): echó calle abajo she went off down the streetecha por aquí a ver si podemos aparcar go down here to see if we can find a place to parkecharon por la primera calle a la derecha they took the first street on the rightCechar para adelante or ( fam) p'alante: echa para adelante un poco, si no vas a bloquear la salida del garaje go forward a little, or else you'll block the garage exitecha p'alante y verás cómo te sale bien go for it! everything will turn out all right, you'll see ( colloq)echa p'alante, que ya llegamos keep going, we're nearly there■ echarseA1 (tirarse, arrojarse) to throw oneselfnos echamos al suelo we threw ourselves to the groundse echó en sus brazos she threw o flung herself into his armsse echó de cabeza al agua she dived into the wateréchate hacia atrás lean backla noche se nos echó encima night fell suddenly, it was night before we knew itecharse a perder «comida» to go bad, go off ( BrE);«proyecto/preparativos» to be ruinedse me echó a perder el televisor my television's brokenera muy bonita pero se ha echado a perder she used to be very pretty but she's lost her looksdesde que se ha juntado con ellos se ha echado a perder since he started hanging out with them he's gone off the rails ( colloq)2 (tumbarse, acostarse) to lie downse echó en la cama he lay down on the bedme voy a echar un rato I'm going to lie down for a while, I'm going to have a lie-down ( BrE)3 (apartarse, moverse) (+ compl):se echó a un lado she moved to one sideme tuve que echar a la cuneta I had to go off the edge of the roadéchate para allá y nos podremos sentar todos if you move over that way a bit we can all sit downecharse atrás to back outdijo que iba a venir, pero luego se echó atrás she said she was going to come, but then she changed her mind o pulled out o backed outcuando vieron que iba a ser difícil se echaron atrás when they saw that it was going to be difficult, they got cold feet o backed outechárselas ( Chi fam): el jefe no le quiso pagar más y se las echó the boss didn't want to pay him any more so he upped and left ( colloq)se las echó cerro arriba he went off up the hillse las echa de gran conocedor de vinos he claims to be o makes out he is a bit of a wine connoisseur, he likes to think of himself as o ( BrE) he fancies himself as a bit of a wine connoisseur ( colloq)B1 (ponerse) to put onéchate crema o te quemarás con este sol put some cream on or you'll burn in this sunse echó el abrigo por los hombros she threw the coat around her shoulders2 ( fam) ‹novio/novia›se ha echado novia he's found o got himself a girlfriendC (expulsar) ‹pedo›¿quién se ha echado un pedo? who's let off o farted? ( colloq)Sentido II (empezar) echarse A + INF to start -ING o start to + INFse echó a llorar he started crying o to cry, he burst into tearsse echaron a reír they started laughing o to laugh, they burst out laughingse echó a correr cuesta abajo he ran o he set off at a run down the hillsólo de pensarlo me echo a temblar just thinking about it gives me the shivers ( colloq)* * *
echar ( conjugate echar) verbo transitivo
1
◊ lo eché a la basura I threw it out o away;
echó la moneda al aire he tossed the coin;
echaron el ancla/la red they cast anchor/their net;
echó la cabeza hacia atrás she threw her head back;
echar algo a perder to ruin sth;
echar de menos algo/a algn to miss sth/sbb)
‹ gobierno› to bring down;
‹ proyecto› to destroy;
‹ esperanzas› to dash;
‹ moral› to undermine;
‹puerta/valla› to break … down
2 ( expulsar) ‹ persona› ( de trabajo) to fire (colloq), to sack (BrE colloq);
(de bar, casa) to throw … out;
( de colegio) to expel
3 ‹ carta› to mail (AmE), to post (BrE)
4
¿echaste el cerrojo? did you bolt the door?b) ( mover):◊ lo echó para atrás/a un lado she pushed (o moved etc) it backward(s)/to one side
5
1
‹ gasolina› to put in;◊ ¿le echas azúcar al café? do you take sugar in your coffee?
2
◊ echarle la culpa a algn to put o lay the blame on sb
3 (fam) ( calcular) (+ me/te/le etc):◊ ¿cuántos años me echas? how old do you think I am?;
de aquí a tu casa échale una hora it's o it takes about an hour from here to your house
4 (Esp fam) (dar, exhibir) ‹programa/película› to show
echarse verbo pronominal
1
echarse de cabeza al agua to dive into the water;
echarse a perder [ comida] to go bad, go off (BrE);
[cosecha/proyecto/plan] to be ruined
c) (apartarse, moverse) (+ compl):
échate un poco para allá move over that way a bit;
echarse atrás to back out
2
c) (Esp fam) ‹novio/novia›:◊ se ha echado novia he's found o got himself a girlfriend
3 (Méx fam) ( romper) to break
4 (Col fam) ( tardar) ‹horas/días› to take
5 ( empezar) echarse a to start o begin to, start o begin;◊ se echó a correr he started to run o started running;
las palomas se echaron a volar the doves flew off
echar
I verbo transitivo
1 (por el aire) to throw: ¡echa la pelota!, throw us the ball
2 (añadir) to put
(una bebida) to pour
(gasolina) to put petrol (in the car): échale más agua al caldo, put more water in the soup
3 (despedir: humo, olor) to give off: este motor echa chispas, there are sparks coming out of this engine
(del trabajo) to sack, fire
(obligar a salir) to throw out: le echaron del instituto, they expelled him from school
4 (calcular subjetivamente) to reckon: le echó más años, he thought she was older
5 fam (un espectáculo) to show
6 (derribar) echar abajo, (edificio) to demolish
7 (+ sustantivo) figurado échale una ojeada a esto, have a look at this
figurado echarle una mano a alguien, to give sb a hand
8 echar de menos o en falta, to miss ➣ Ver nota en miss
II vi (+ a + infinitivo) (empezar) to begin to: echó a andar, she started to walk
de repente echó a correr, she suddenly started to run
' echar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
añorar
- balón
- bautizar
- borda
- botar
- bronca
- buenaventura
- cabezada
- campana
- cana
- capote
- cara
- cierre
- correo
- extrañar
- falta
- guante
- jarra
- jarro
- leña
- mano
- mirada
- ojo
- olvidarse
- papilla
- película
- perder
- peste
- polvo
- pulso
- resto
- saco
- salar
- sapo
- siesta
- sortear
- suerte
- tierra
- tirar
- vista
- vistazo
- amarra
- ancla
- barriga
- basura
- brote
- buzón
- calle
- carta
- casa
English:
anchor
- arm wrestle
- belch
- blame
- boot
- boot out
- brake
- browse
- bud
- cast
- catapult
- chase away
- chuck out
- demolish
- dip into
- discharge
- door
- doze
- draw
- evict
- explode
- eye
- fill out
- fire
- forget
- froth
- fuel
- fume
- glance down
- glance round
- hair
- hex
- jettison
- kick out
- lace
- launch
- lay
- lend
- lie down
- lock up
- look
- lot
- mail
- miss
- muck up
- peep
- post
- puff
- pull apart
- put
* * *♦ vt1. [tirar] to throw;[red] to cast;echar anclas, echar el ancla to drop anchor;échame el balón throw me the ball;echar una moneda al aire to toss a coin;échalo en la cesta de la ropa sucia put it in the dirty-clothes basket;echar una piedra por la ventana to throw a stone through the window;echar abajo [edificio] to pull down, to demolish;[puerta] to break down; [gobierno] to bring down; [proyecto] to ruin2. [meter, poner] to put;echa suficiente ropa en la maleta make sure you pack enough clothes in your suitcase;échalo en el asiento de atrás put it on the back seat;echa esta camisa a la lavadora put that shirt in the washing machine;echa una firma en esta postal sign o put your name on this postcard;echar leña al fuego to add fuel to the fire;Famechar el resto: queda sólo una semana, ahora hay que echar el resto there's only a week to go, so from now on we really have to give it our all3. [carta, postal] to post, US to mail;¿(me) podrías echar esta carta? could you post o US mail this letter (for me)?;echó la carta al buzón y siguió caminando he put the letter in the postbox o US mailbox and walked on;echar algo al correo to put sth in the post, to post sth, US to mail sth4. [trago, sorbo] to take, to have;[cigarrillo] to have5. [vistazo] to take, to have;le he echado una mirada, pero no me parece interesante I've had a look at it, but I don't think it's very interestingechó la cabeza hacia atrás she threw her head back;echa los hombros para atrás y saca el pecho put your shoulders back and stick your chest out7. [añadir] [vino, agua] to pour (a o en into); [sal, azúcar] to add (a o en to);échame más agua, por favor could you pour me some more water, please?;no me eches tanta azúcar en el café don't put so much sugar in my coffee8. [dar] [comida, bebida] to give;echa alpiste al canario give the canary some birdseed;hay que echar agua a las plantas we need to water the plants;Famlo que me/te/le etc[m5]. echen: [m5] Alberto come lo que le echen Alberto will eat whatever you put in front of him;es un hombre muy paciente, aguanta lo que le eches he's a very patient man, he puts up with anything you can throw at him9. [decir] [discurso, sermón] to give;[reprimenda] to dish out; [piropo, cumplido] to pay;echar una maldición a alguien to put a curse on sb;Famle echaron una bronca por llegar tarde they told her off for arriving late;me echó en cara que no le hubiera ayudado she reproached me for not helping her10. [humo, vapor, chispas] to give off, to emit;la fábrica echa mucho humo a la atmósfera the factory pours out a lot of smoke into the atmosphere;Famestá que echa humo he's fuming;Famechar pestes o Méx [m5]madres: volvió de vacaciones echando pestes o Méx [m5] madres del lugar she came back from her Br holiday o US vacation cursing the place where she had stayed11. [hojas, flores] to sprout, to shoot;[raíces, pelo, barba] to begin to grow; [diente] to cut;los almendros están echando flores the almond trees are beginning to flower;está empezando a echar los dientes she's beginning to cut her teeth;Famen los últimos meses ha echado mucha barriga he's developed quite a paunch over the past few monthsle han echado del partido he's been expelled from the party;le echaron de clase por hablar con un compañero he was thrown o sent out of the class for talking to a friend¡que lo echen! fire him!, sack him!, kick him out!14. [accionar]echar la llave/el cerrojo to lock/bolt the door;echar el freno to brake, to put the brakes on;Fam Fig¡echa el freno! ¿estás seguro de que podemos pagarlo? hold your horses, are you sure we can afford it?15. [acostar] to lie (down);¿has echado al bebé? have you put the baby to bed?16. [tiempo]le he echado dos semanas a este proyecto I've taken two weeks over this project, I've spent two weeks on this project;echaron dos horas en llegar a Bogotá it took them two hours to get to Bogotá17. [calcular]¿cuántos años le echas? how old do you reckon he is?;siempre me echan años de menos people always think I'm younger than I really am;échale que de aquí a Málaga haya 600 kilómetros let's say it's about 600 kilometres from here to Malaga18. [naipe, partida] to play;te echo una carrera I'll race you;¿echamos un dominó? shall we have a game of dominoes?19. [buenaventura] to tell;echar las cartas a alguien to read sb's fortune [from the cards]le echan mucha ilusión a todo lo que hacen they put a lot of enthusiasm into everything they do;échale más brío al pedaleo put a bit more energy into the pedalling;los ladrones le echaron mucho ingenio the thieves showed a lot of ingenuity22. Fam [documento]tengo que ir a echar una instancia al Ministerio I've got to go and hand in a form at the ministry¿qué echan esta noche en la tele? what's on TV o Br telly tonight?;¿qué echan en el Rialto? what's on o showing at the Rialto?;echan una película de acción they're showing an action movie24. Am [animales] to urge on[ocasión] to waste sth;no puedes echar todo a perder, después de tanto esfuerzo you can't just throw it all away after all that effort;echar algo a cara o cruz to toss (a coin) for sth;echar algo a suertes to draw lots for sth;echar de menos to miss;le echa mucho de menos he misses her a lot;echo de menos mi casa I miss my house;Chileecharlas to run away;echar algo por tierra to put paid to sth, to ruin sth;eso echa por tierra todas nuestras esperanzas that dashes all our hopes♦ viechar por la derecha to go (to the) rightechar a correr to break into a run;echar a llorar to burst into tears;echar a reír to burst out laughing;echar a volar to fly off* * *I v/tlo han echado del trabajo he’s been fired;echar abajo pull down, destroy2 humo give off3 ( poner) putpost5:echar la culpa a alguien blame s.o., put the blame on s.o.;me echó 40 años he thought I was 40II v/i:echar a start to, begin to;echar a correr start o begin to run, start running* * *echar vt1) lanzar: to throw, to cast, to hurl2) expulsar: to throw out, to expel3) emitir: to emit, give off4) brotar: to sprout, to put forth5) despedir: to fire, to dismiss6) : to put in, to add7)echar a perder : to spoil, to ruin8)echar de menos : to missechan de menos a su madre: they miss their motherechar vi1) : to start off2)echar a : to begin to* * *echar vb¿has echado sal al arroz? have you put any salt in the rice?me has echado demasiado, no creo que pueda comérmelo you've given me too much I don't think I can eat it all5. (verter) to pour6. (emitir) to give out7. (jugar) to play / to have¿echamos una partida de ajedrez? shall we have a game of chess?8. (proyectar) to be on¿qué echan hoy en televisión? what's on television tonight?¿cuántos años me echas? how old do you think I am? -
12 válvula
f.1 valve, shutoff.2 valve, valvule, small valve.3 valvula.* * *1 valve\válvula de cierre stopcockválvula de seguridad safety valve* * *noun f.* * *SF valveválvula de escape — (Mec) exhaust valve; (fig) safety valve
* * *femenino valve* * *= valve.Ex. Whilst valves work by passing electric currents through a vacuum between electrodes, transistors are built from materials called semiconductors.----* válvula antirretorno = no-return valve.* válvula cardíaca = heart valve.* válvula coronaria = heart valve.* válvula de admisión = intake valve, throttle.* válvula de cierre = stop valve.* válvula de descompresión = pressure relief valve.* válvula de entrada = inlet valve, intake valve.* válvula de escape = outlet.* válvula del corazón = heart valve.* válvula de mariposa = butterfly valve.* válvula de paso = stop valve, stopcock, shut-off valve.* válvula de salida = outlet valve.* válvula de seguridad = safety valve, pressure relief valve.* válvula esférica = spherical valve, rotary valve.* * *femenino valve* * *= valve.Ex: Whilst valves work by passing electric currents through a vacuum between electrodes, transistors are built from materials called semiconductors.
* válvula antirretorno = no-return valve.* válvula cardíaca = heart valve.* válvula coronaria = heart valve.* válvula de admisión = intake valve, throttle.* válvula de cierre = stop valve.* válvula de descompresión = pressure relief valve.* válvula de entrada = inlet valve, intake valve.* válvula de escape = outlet.* válvula del corazón = heart valve.* válvula de mariposa = butterfly valve.* válvula de paso = stop valve, stopcock, shut-off valve.* válvula de salida = outlet valve.* válvula de seguridad = safety valve, pressure relief valve.* válvula esférica = spherical valve, rotary valve.* * *valveCompuestos:inlet valvestop valve( Tec) exhaust valve; (de tensión, nervios) safety valveel deporte/la música es mi válvula de escape sport/music is my safety valve, I use sport/music as an outlet for my energy ( o emotions etc)tire valvemitral valve* * *
válvula sustantivo femenino
valve
válvula sustantivo femenino
1 Téc Anat valve
válvula de seguridad, safety valve
2 figurado los paseos por la playa son su válvula de escape, walks along the beach are an outlet for him
' válvula' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abierto
- abrir
- cerrado
- cerrar
English:
cock
- outlet
- store up
- throttle
- tyre valve
- valve
* * *válvula nf1. [para regular el paso] valveAnat válvula aórtica aortic valve;válvula de escape means of letting off steam;el futbol les sirve de válvula de escape soccer is a way for them to let off steam;Anat válvula mitral mitral valve; Anat válvula pulmonar pulmonary valve;válvula de seguridad safety valve;Anat válvula tricúspide tricuspid valve2.* * *f ANAT, EL valve* * *válvula nf1) : valve2)válvula reguladora : throttle* * *válvula n valve -
13 освобождать от
•The enriched bismuth dross is freed of (or from) calcium, magnesium, and lead by chlorination.
•In purging mathematical philosophy of metaphysics...
•Open the drain cock to rid (or drain, or empty) the steam cylinder of water of condensation.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > освобождать от
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14 кран парового манометра
Railway term: steam gauge cockУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > кран парового манометра
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15 кран с паровым обогревом
Engineering: steam-jacketed cockУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > кран с паровым обогревом
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16 сальниковый
Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > сальниковый
См. также в других словарях:
steam cock — noun : a cock for passage of steam; specifically : the upper gauge cock in a steam boiler … Useful english dictionary
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Steam Brewing Company — Infobox Brewery name = Steam Brewing Company caption = location = Otahuhu, Auckland owner = opened = 1995 production = active beers = brewbox beer|name=Blue Goose Lager|style=Pale lager brewbox beer|name=Buxom Blonde|style=White beer brewbox… … Wikipedia
cock — Synonyms and related words: Bantam, anemograph, anemometer, anemometrograph, anemoscope, anthill, backslide, ball cock, ball valve, baloney, bank, banty, barn door fowl, barnyard fowl, biddy, bilge, billy, billy goat, boar, bosh, boss, broiler,… … Moby Thesaurus
steam up — Synonyms and related words: annoy, arouse, awake, awaken, blow the coals, blow up, call forth, call up, charge, cock, enkindle, enrage, excite, fan, fan the fire, fan the flame, feed the fire, fire, flame, foment, frenzy, get up steam, heat,… … Moby Thesaurus
Gauge cock — Gauge Gauge, n. [Written also gage.] 1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard. [1913 Webster] This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by. Moxon … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Cutoff (steam engine) — In a steam engine, cutoff is the point in the piston stroke at which the inlet valve is closed. On a steam locomotive, the cutoff is controlled by the reverser. The point at which the inlet valve closes and stops the entry of steam into the… … Wikipedia
Four-way cock — Four way Four way , a. Allowing passage in either of four directions; as, a four way cock, or valve. Francis. [1913 Webster] {Four way cock}, a cock connected with four pipes or ports, and having two or more passages in the plug, by which the… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Injection cock — Injection In*jec tion, n. [L. injectio : cf. F. injection.] 1. The act of injecting or throwing in; applied particularly to the forcible insertion of a liquid or gas, by means of a syringe, pump, etc. [1913 Webster] 2. That which is injected;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Newcomen steam engine — Animation of a schematic Newcomen steam engine. – Steam is shown pink and water is blue. – Valves move from open (green) to closed (red) The atmospheric engine invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1712, today referred to as a Newcomen steam engine (or… … Wikipedia
